Classical Approach Of Management Based On Their Type Of...

Every company has a unique style of management based on their type of business and their operation. Some of them are willing to take risks, some are at the top of the data, some focus on their employee relations, and others have the ability to innovate. Based on what is their headline practice, they styles of managements ranked between, Best Practicers, Data Champions, Controllers, Classics, and Forward Thinkers. The place that I have been working for many years Yata (fictitious company name) is a sales focus organization, and based on those categories, it falls in the classic styles. â€Å"Classical approach of management focuses on sale, and they belief that employees have only economy and physical needs. Job satisfaction either doesn’t†¦show more content†¦At Yata, the management team is watching you closely that you don’t get full-time hours because they don’t want to give any type of benefits or insurance. Your value to them is only the labor work and productivity. It doesn’t bother them if you are short on maintaining your monthly budget because they are cutting their ours which ultimately increase their benefits . All they check is you are not working more hours than they want you to work. In this management type obviously regular team member has absolutely no contribution to the decision making or any knowledge of the profit that the company is making. The team member don’t get that much of salary raise annually either. Freedman, D., Villano, M. Horwitz, C. As far as the planning and innovation go, in this type of companies leadership has no innovation. They just follow whatever they are being told. So, whatever the district managers or their bosses see through the routine visits and tells them; they have to follow. I work at one specialized department of this company. I have my own direct manager whom I work with on daily basis. Ms. XX is my direct manager who has an academic degree on what she is doing. To me she is very good manager or a good leader. She is responsible for her little area to make it the most productive and to its best look. Between all the five styles of the management she is more â€Å"Participative† than any other type. She gives her employees the power of theShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Studies And Management Essay1708 Words   |  7 Pages Assessment No 1 Individual Essay Dispatched by and prepared for: HRM3008 Organisational Change B.A (Hons) Business and Management (Cohort 5) October 2014 Module Submitted By: Kavita Dhawan (UON ID 14439311) INTRODUCTION Management has been proficient a long time period. Organized endeavors focused by people accountable for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling undertakings have occurred for thousands of yearsRead MoreClassical Management Approach During The 19th Century1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe classical management approach emerged during the 19th and 20th century. The factory system that existed in the 1800s posed challenges that were not encountered by the earlier organizations. Problems arose in tooling the plants, organizing managerial structure, training employees, scheduling complex manufacturing operations and dealing with increased labor dissatisfaction and resulting strikes. These new problems demanded an approach to coordination, control and new sub-species of economic manRead MoreOrganizational Development (OD)1547 Words   |  7 Pagesto help management and employees on a variety of levels. Organizational development is perhaps unequaled in its ability to meet any type of organization needs. However, the solutions developed from the role of OD may not be necessarily interchangeable with different organizations (Grant, 2010). According to traditional theorists such as Fayol, Weber, and Taylor, a school of thought identifies a level of agreement in their view of organizational system implementation. These classical theoristsRead MoreThe Management Of An Organization1607 Words   |  7 PagesManagement is found everywhere you go and without realizing people are somewhat managers themselves even if they don t hold a management position in their job such as, taking care of the household. Management can be simply defined as taking care of things and people, and managers are the people who ensure this. (Pyle, G 2015) There are different types of Managers in an organisation and this is referred as the management hierarchy which include: Top-level managers, which are the board directors andRead MoreManaging Business Assignment992 Words   |  4 PagesLearning Outcomes You should be able to: Appreciate the different management theory and practice from the era of scientific management to contingency theory. Demonstrate knowledge of the underlying concepts and principles related to entrepreneurial and management activities. 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Without successful management any organisation will struggle to succeed in today’s competitive business world. But what is the best approach for managers to take? How can employers use the idea of motivation within their management approach, to achieve a true competitive advantage? From the moment that the labour shortage hit the United States of America, during the industrial revolution, back in the early 1900s, theoristsRead MoreThe Importance Of Management At Mcdonald s And Google Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesIn what ways are management of companies different or how are they similar to one another? And what is the importance of management in how a company runs nowadays? Many of us question about why knowing the history of management is important to Managers? According to (Samson et al, 2012, Page 53) â€Å"A historical perspective provides a broader way of thinking; a way of searching for pa tterns and determining whether they recur across time periods.† In the history of management, many trends have appearedRead MoreContemporary Issues Of Leadership : Paradox Of Strength Based Leadership1686 Words   |  7 PagesContemporary issues in leadership: paradox of strength based leadership Leadership is the most practiced aspect of an organization but yet the most dynamic and complex phenomenon. Humans are gregarious beings and tend to consciously or unconsciously form groups whenever they meet. Much scholarly work have been in human extraversion in informal groups but yet changing time and behavior demand that groups be considered for their particular qualities in its environment in a time that information aboutRead MoreTheories Of Management And Management1721 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Management exists in business and human organizations; it is the set of tasks, activities leading to achieve a common desired objectives through people and resources. Management takes place within a structured organizational scenery with specified roles. It is the framework to what management is all about. Classical school Taylor, Fayol, Weber, HR School Hawthorne, Chester Barnard Blake Mouton’s, Mayo. Classical management school had three mainstreams namely Classical Scientific school

Immigrant Worker Ethics Essay - 1713 Words

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this report is to discuss my opinion on the question â€Å"Do I agree with the recommendations of the Human Rights Watch (HRW) in regards to work safety particularly when it comes to immigrant workers?† I will provide information on past and current safety related issues as they apply to the meat packing industry and immigrant workers. I will discuss the recommendations of the HRW. I will provide my opinion and consider some of the utilitarian and deontological considerations, and conclude this report with a brief summary of the entire analysis, highlighting some of the most significant parts that the report contains HISTORY â€Å"In 1906, Upton Sinclairs novel The Jungle uncovered harrowing conditions inside†¦show more content†¦In 1988, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) fined IBP for exposing its employees to trauma disorders from repetitive meat cutting tasks. IBP knew of the hazards but did nothing to correct them. IMMIGRANT MIGRATION One in every fifty human beings – more than 150 million persons – live outside their countries of origin as migrants or refugees. They are highly vulnerable to racism, and discrimination. The fact that an increasing proportion of international migration today is irregular and unauthorized facilitates abuse and exploitation. But, even when their movements are legal and authorized, non-citizens face high levels of discrimination. Immigrants both legal and illegal make up 13% of the nation’s workers, the highest percentage since the 1930s. They dominate job categories at both ends of the economic spectrum. Immigrants hold 35% of the unskilled jobs. It is not that Americans are not afraid of doing hard work; they are just unwilling to put themselves at risk of losing an eye or finger for minimum wages. In fact â€Å"most of the nations 17.7 million immigrant workers toil, like those who preceded them, in jobs that native-born Americans refuse to do. They work as meatpackers, hotel maids, hamburger flippers, waiters, gardeners, seamstresses, fruit and vegetable pickers, and construction hands. (USA Today, 2001) Immigrants, above all illegal immigrants, can not defend themselves against abusiveShow MoreRelatedCreating A Culture Of Tolerance And Acceptance Of Differences949 Words   |  4 Pagesof new immigrants if they provide cultural awareness and sensitivity training to help create a culture of tolerance and acceptance of differences. Position I will present: New immigrants should integrate into the American population and take advantage of the American culture which has led on average, internationally, in labor productivity. Employers can help more than they have helped to ensure that immigrants achieve this objective of integration to maximize productivity. Audience: Immigrant CommunityRead MoreJonathan Klemens s The Protestant Work Ethic : Just Another Urban Legend?979 Words   |  4 Pages Jonathan Klemens s in his essay â€Å"The Protestant Work Ethic: Just Another Urban Legend?† claims that the American work ethic, despite many saying otherwise, is still deeply rooted in American society. He states that this work ethic is personified in the persons who find their work both personally enjoying and a service to society. In other words, people who have found their passion. He goes on to explain that this dedication to hard work is exemplified by the existence of societies such as theRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Harvest Gypsies 1664 Words   |  7 Pagesaddresses in The Jungle, industry workers were refused the basic human rights that the government vowed to protect. Harvest Gypsies, written by John Steinbeck just 30 years later, brought rural farmers’ grievances into the picture after their land was destroyed during the Dust Bowl. The rhetoric used in these works criticizes the exploitative working environment in response to a strong capitalist agenda, discourages the separation of classes caused by the ‘Protestant Ethic’, and attempts to humanizeRead Moreillegal immigrant workers should be granted legal status1347 Words   |  6 Pagesone position on â€Å"illegal immigrant workers should be granted legal status† For the past 120 years- â€Å"between 1891 and 1920- [America has] received some 18 million men, women and children from other nations† (Bush 554) and causes one of the serious problem in the society. Therefore, immigration reform has been intensely debate among the citizen due to illegal immigrant issues that have become prevalent in United States. However, validating the illegal immigrant workers status should be consideredRead MoreImmigration Policy And Its Impact On America882 Words   |  4 Pagessignificance of its impact in America. Many of the values that brings America together as a nation, is due to immigration. America is a melting pot of variety of people that brings great contribution to the growth and transformation in the workforce. Immigrants has been strengthen America s economy every since the 18th century American industrial revolution. During the American industrial revolution, it offers a great opportunity for people outside of the border for investment, employment, and productivityRead MoreImmigration And The United States1177 Words   |  5 PagesThen, immigrants must fill out the official naturalization application called the N400 form. Within this form, there are several questions asking about the immigrant’s life, family, employment, and criminal background. After completion, immigrants must send in the N400 form with a passport and application fee. Next, the immigrant has to have his or her fingerprints taken and participate in an interview. If the application is approved, the immigrant will then take the Oath of Allegiance to the UnitedRead MoreThe Latino : Hard Work Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States, but undocumented workers are often faced with complex adversities and obstacles that extend beyond their cultural understanding, hindering them from true upward social mobility in the United States. Language, destitution, and cultural upbringings are commonly observed things that contribute to the adversities challenging undocumented workers ability to socially grow when immigrating to the United States. The majority of Latino undocumented workers are presently part of the labor forceRead MoreIllegal Immigrants Should NOT be Deported Essay example916 Words   |  4 Pagespresident Chester A. Aurthor was the first president to bann all chinese workers. Soon after, the criminals and the mentally ill were refused from theU.S. Immigration wasnt always a problem before this. In 1892 the first portal oft immigration opened up in Ellis Island, New York. This was the premier station for immigration. Here new arrivals had to show identity and were asked a series of questions. After all this the immigrants were scanned for physical ailments and they had to have a friend or familyRead MoreChanging Up The Center Of America1075 Words   |  5 PagesChanging up the Center To be an immigrant coming into America must be so hard in many ways, but as the people of America we should do something to help, by making the Krome Detention Center a better place. Once Immigrants are in America and are at Krome Detention Center, they should start learning the basics of English, learning work ethic, and learning social skills. Once Immigrants have learned all the basic skills, and have been approved for their permanent residence card or temporary card, thenRead MoreAsian American And Asian Americans964 Words   |  4 PagesMany Asian Americans take great pride in a strong work ethic and an equally strong value system in terms of educational achievement. This cultural legacy stems from a long tradition of Asians coming into America as immigrants since the 19th century. During this time, there are third and fourth generation Asian Americans that have adopted the principles of a quality education and strong work ethic as part of being of Asian descent in a primarily white Anglo-American population. Culturally, many Asians

Human Digestion free essay sample

Describe, in 200 to 300 words, the path food follows through the digestive system and how digestion occurs in each of the following parts of the digestive system. †¢Include descriptions of other organs or components of the digestive system, including: oLarge intestine oMouth oSmall intestine oStomach After food enters the mouth and after being chewed by the teeth, the food then transforms into a bolus. Bolus refers to the soft mass of chewed food that passes through the digestive system. The bolus then leaves the mouth and moves into the pharynx. The bolus then travels down into the esophagus, which leads to the stomach. Once the bolus enters the stomach, it begins to mix with the acid secretions transforming the bolus into chyme. Chyme is the semifluid mass of partially digested food expelled from the stomach in to the duodenum. Depending on the size and type of meal digested, chyme usually empties from the stomach in 2 to 6 hours. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Digestion or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The liver, gallbladder and pancreas begin to contribute to the digestive process once the chyme reaches the small intestine. A great deal of the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food takes place once the chyme or food reaches the small intestine. Secretion of bile from both the live and the gallbladder aids with the digestion and absorption of fat. At the same time, digestive enzymes and bicarbonate secretions from the pancreas assist in the digestive process.The excess materials not absorbed in the small intestine then travel into the large intestine via the sphincter. Both the colon and the rectum are associated with the large intestine; adding the absorption of water, vitamins and minerals, once the material enters the rectum. The material that was not absorbed in the colon travel into the anus, then is excreted from the body in the form of waste products, known as feces. This digestive process can take anywhere from 3-5 hours up to 24 hours.

The Crucible By Arthur Miller Essays (2542 words) -

The Crucible by Arthur Miller The True Devils in Salem In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There are many theories as to why the witch trials came about, the most popular of which is the girls' suppressed childhoods. However, there were other factors as well, such as Abigail Williams' affair with John Proctor, the secret grudges that neighbors held against each other, and the physical and economic differences between the citizens of Salem Village. From a historical viewpoint, it is known that young girls in colonial Massachusetts were given little or no freedom to act like children. They were expected to walk straight, arms by their sides, eyes slightly downcast, and their mouths were to be shut unless otherwise asked to speak. It is not surprising that the girls would find this type of lifestyle very constricting. To rebel against it, they played pranks, such as dancing in the woods, listening to slaves' magic stories and pretending that other villagers were bewitching them. The Crucible starts after the girls in the village have been caught dancing in the woods. As one of them falls sick, rumors start to fly that there is witchcraft going on in the woods, and that the sick girl is bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened of being accused as witches, so Abigail starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft. The other girls all join in so that the blame will not be placed on them. In The Crucible, Abigail starts the accusations by saying, "I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!" Another girl, Betty, continues the cry with, "I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil!" >From here on, the accusations grow and grow until the jails overflow with accused witches. It must have given them an incredible sense of power when the whole town of Salem listened to their words and believed each and every accusation. After all, children were to be seen and not heard in Puritan society, and the newfound attention was probably overwhelming. In Act Three of The Crucible, the girls were called before the judges to defend themselves against the claims that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail led the other girls in a chilling scene. Abby acted as if Mary Warren sent her spirit up to the rafters and began to talk to the spirit. "Oh Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it's God's work I do." The other girls all stared at the rafters in horror and began to repeat everything they heard. Finally, the girls' hysterics caused Mary Warren to accuse John Proctor of witchcraft. Once the scam started, it was too late to stop, and the snowballing effect of wild accusations soon resulted in the hanging of many innocents. After the wave of accusations began, grudges began to surface in the community. Small slights were made out to be witchcraft, and bad business deals were blamed on witchery. Two characters in The Crucible, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam, argue early on about a plot of land. Corey claims that he bought it from Goody Nurse but Putnam says he owns it, and Goody Nurse had no right to sell it. Later, when Putnam's daughter accuses George Jacobs of witchery, Corey claims that Putnam only wants Jacobs' land. Giles says, "If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property - that's law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land!" Others also had hidden motives for accusing their neighbors. Once the accusations began, everyone had a reason to accuse someone else which is why the hangings got so out of hand. The wave of accusations can be likened to mass hysteria, in which the people involved are so caught up that the y start having delusions of neighbors out to

Free Essays on Ways Of Reading

â€Å"Introduction: Ways of Reading† After reading the introduction of â€Å"Ways of Reading† for the first time, an immediate sense of confusion struck. Thus, when contemplating the passage and reading it for a second time, the fog became clear. The introduction to the book â€Å"Ways of Reading† is unique in comparison to others. There is a great deal of detailed reference to the text. The introduction although difficult was enjoyable to some extent. It was broken into nine separate sections, each educating the reader on assignments to follow. The writing was fairly basic, thus the elaborate reference to types of reading was often challenging to understand. For example in the first section the author is explaining the difficulty of reading by stating â€Å"one of the difficult things about reading is that the pages before you will begin to speak only when the authors are silent and you begin to speak in their place, sometimes for them-doing their work, continuing their projects, and sometimes for yourself, following your agenda† (pg. 1). This statement is confusing to a reader. After reading over a few times it is still tough to understand. As you read further into the introduction the more the author makes note of essays from the book. This was another area of difficulty, considering the essays in the book are foreign to the average reader. The essays are used to help further the authors point. Reading things more than once strengthens your understanding of what is being said. This introduction was challenging at first because of the strong views on reading and the comparisons to essays located in the book, thus after reading it a second time, the author’s views became clearer. The introduction actually encourages you to read things more than once not just because of â€Å"misunderstandings† but also because when reading long passages it is hard to absorb so much information at once and by reading... Free Essays on Ways Of Reading Free Essays on Ways Of Reading â€Å"Introduction: Ways of Reading† After reading the introduction of â€Å"Ways of Reading† for the first time, an immediate sense of confusion struck. Thus, when contemplating the passage and reading it for a second time, the fog became clear. The introduction to the book â€Å"Ways of Reading† is unique in comparison to others. There is a great deal of detailed reference to the text. The introduction although difficult was enjoyable to some extent. It was broken into nine separate sections, each educating the reader on assignments to follow. The writing was fairly basic, thus the elaborate reference to types of reading was often challenging to understand. For example in the first section the author is explaining the difficulty of reading by stating â€Å"one of the difficult things about reading is that the pages before you will begin to speak only when the authors are silent and you begin to speak in their place, sometimes for them-doing their work, continuing their projects, and sometimes for yourself, following your agenda† (pg. 1). This statement is confusing to a reader. After reading over a few times it is still tough to understand. As you read further into the introduction the more the author makes note of essays from the book. This was another area of difficulty, considering the essays in the book are foreign to the average reader. The essays are used to help further the authors point. Reading things more than once strengthens your understanding of what is being said. This introduction was challenging at first because of the strong views on reading and the comparisons to essays located in the book, thus after reading it a second time, the author’s views became clearer. The introduction actually encourages you to read things more than once not just because of â€Å"misunderstandings† but also because when reading long passages it is hard to absorb so much information at once and by reading...

How does Shakespeare create an atmosphere of evil and disorder in Act 1 of Macbeth Essays

How does Shakespeare create an atmosphere of evil and disorder in Act 1 of Macbeth Essays How does Shakespeare create an atmosphere of evil and disorder in Act 1 of Macbeth Paper How does Shakespeare create an atmosphere of evil and disorder in Act 1 of Macbeth Paper Essay Topic: Macbeth Shakespeare is renowned worldwide as one of the greatest playwrights that ever lived, and is known for many of his wonderful techniques. However one of the best things about his play Macbeth is the wonderful sense of atmosphere obtained throughout. He does this both in very subtle ways that one may not notice when first watching or reading Macbeth, and in more obvious ways that are clear to all. In act 1 scene 1 we are first introduced to the witches, they are the first people we meet and would have received a strong reaction from an Elizabethan audience. The witches are situated in a battlefield, so already a sense of conflict and unrest is being created. There is a storm raging throughout this scene, which carries through the idea of conflict but this time in nature and indicates that these witches have this effect on the world and create strong disorder. Already we are led to believe that the witches are associated with Macbeth, we know this as the third witch says There to meet with Macbeth. We dont yet know who Macbeth is but from this introduction an audience might assume he is of bad character to be associating with such outcasts. According to their description the witches look like hags and are deeply unnatural, both to look at, and in the way they affect the their surroundings. One of the most famous quotes from one of Shakespeares plays is the witches chant, Fair is foul, and foul is fair. This just paints a stronger picture; that these witches are outcasts and dont conform to the same rules as the rest of society. It shows they have different values and morals, if any at all. This chant also gives us reason to be wary of the witches and to tread with caution. Another interesting point about this scene is one of Shakespeares more subtle devices, but one that is really very clever. Shakespeare uses ten syllables per line for his characters, but note, in this scene the witches are given shorter lines with only seven syllables. An example of this is the opening line When shall we three meet again, it has a completely different rhythm to the lines of his other roles. This is just another way a sense of unrest and unnaturalness is portrayed here. In act 1 scene 2 and we are amidst the Kings camp. There has been an incident of treachery and lies; this could possibly be seen as a challenge between good and evil; however it would appear good has won over as the traitor is found out. The King was believed by Jacobeans to be a direct link to God that puts the King above everyone on earth. This is known as the divine right of Kings. The first we are told about Macbeth is when he is described as a good honourable man, but we are also made aware of what violence and destruction he is capable of when in battle. He is compared to a lion; majestic and respected, but able to cause devastation incredibly easily if provoked. The audience watching this probably would have seen this as all the markings of a fine man. A good warrior is looked up to; honour and courage are qualities anyone would admire. There is another disturbance in nature when we meet the witches for the second time in scene 3. We learn of something the witches have done to a human. The witches seem proud of torturing a young man whos wife happened to upset the second witch. This would have alarmed the Elizabethans, as they would no doubt feel uncomfortable that witches could interfere with human affairs. We are told how petty, cruel and violent the witches can be in this scene. The second witch moans that a sailors wife refused to share some chestnuts with her. She then goes on to brag of the torture they put her husband through. They cast some sort of spell which disallows the sailor from sleeping. Sleep is seen even now as a natural good as much of a necessity as food and water are, there is also certain innocence about it. Yet the witches have taken it away from the sailor without a moments hesitation. They see it as a bit of light entertainment, this illustrates the different morals the witches appear to have to humans. There is definitely an air of dramatic irony about it. This attack the witches make also shows how evil is associated with an attack on what is naturally good. Within this scene Macbeth is told he is the new thane of Cawdor, as the witches previously predicted. This is an awfully alarming clarification for the audience of its time that the witches can be right. This would be a frightening concept to anyone watching, especially an Elizabethan audience. Act 1 scene 4 sees King Duncan announcing his new successor, Malcolm. Of course this is the obvious choice to anyone else but it is not what Macbeth was expecting. It comes as a surprise to Macbeth as the witches foretold to him that he would be king. This meant that Macbeth assumed he would be Duncans successor. Macbeth has already got evil thoughts creeping at his conscience by now and sparks what is to be a really quite tragic chain of events. Further proof of how Macbeth is starting to contemplate terrible things like crimes against the divine right of Kings is when he says, Stars hide your fires meaning whatever awful things he plans to carry out, he wants the darkness to be his shield. There are several references throughout the play to this simile of light symbolising all that is good, and dark being a hiding place for evil. This means that our darker characters such as Lady Macbeth, Macbeth and even the witches often refer to it. So already in the first act, the struggle between good and evil in Macbeths rampant mind means cracks are starting to appear in his character. So Macbeths desire for power is causing him to contemplate awful things against the social order; questioning the great chain of being and the divine right of kings. Where as a striking contrast King Duncan, who has been portrayed as a good character throughout, says, Signs of nobleness like stars shine on all deservers this basically means good people get their rewards. So the battle between good and evil, and light and dark is waging. Scene 5 opens with Lady Macbeth reading aloud a letter from Macbeth. However before this scene even really begins something quite odd has happened, so far the sequence of scenes has involved the witches in every other scene, now when it should be the witches we cut to Lady Macbeth. Is this a link between the witches and Lady Macbeth? The letter is explaining what the witches told Macbeth, about him being thane and eventually king. Lady Macbeths reaction to this is quite surprising, she believes he shall be the thane of Cawdor and would be good at it too, but fears that he is too full othmilk of human kindness. This seems to imply she thinks he is not tough enough and is weak in character. Now this in itself is startling to the Elizabethans, how dare a woman say this about her husband! Women were meant to obey their husbands and hold no real opinion, and here is Lady Macbeth is calling her husband weak and too soft! She is saying this as of it is a bad thing to show natural compassion. Then after a messenger has come to tell her that the King is coming with her husband she launches into another soliloquy. She summons spirits and says unsex me here she asks them to take away everything that makes her a woman. This is unnatural and quite disturbing imagery being used here. When she says this it shows a very unnatural desire and is proof of her callousness. If she took away everything that made her a woman she would be unable to bear a child, and yet she seems completely unbothered by this. This shows she has absolutely no maternal instinct, and is therefore lacking in compassion, but she also proves that in other ways. She also says come to my womans breasts and take my milk for gall this further demonstrates my point about her lack of maternal instinct. She also refers again here to milk, milk being equated to innocence, a baby depends on it and it is all it needs to live and grow, but Lady Macbeth wants none of it. Next she goes on to say come thick night and nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark showing she is evil as she is using this similie of light and dark and good and evil again. The blanket comment is also another reference to sleep. The Macbeths and the witches are associated with evil and destruction whilst good characters like king Duncan are associated with natural goods like food and sleep. Lady Macbeth seems interrupted when Macbeth appears but goes on to greet him anyway. She tells him he needs to kill the King, and says he should look like thinnocent flower, But be the serpent undert She is saying he should act like the genial host but act cunning as not to raise any suspicions. The look like and the but be are examples of alliteration which adds a rhythm, urgency and a power to the sentence. It makes the sentence more of a command as well. This could also be linked to when Eve led Adam astray in the garden of Eden, Lady Macbeth is tempting Macbeth to evil now, sinning just like Adam and Eve. Then Lady Macbeth instructs her husband to leave everything to her. The effect she has on him is quite mesmerising, she can tell him what to do and will hear no word of complaint; she has him wrapped round her little finger. In scene 6 Lady Macbeth welcomes the guests as if everything was perfectly normal. Duncan shows his appreciation for her kindness and hospitality and we are left thinking if only he knew. Scene 7 is another scene with just Lady Macbeth and Macbeth in. Macbeth is saying to his wife he doesnt think he can do it, that Duncan is too trusting and it would be wrong. He tells her he simply wont do it, but of course Lady Macbeth persuades him. She insults him by saying he is not acting like a man and is a coward. He tries to calm her by saying if he did it then that would make him not a man. She goes on to say that she would do it and then displays violent imagery and says How tender tis to love the babe that milks me: I would, while it was smiling in my face, Have pluckd my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done to this this is a really horrible picture, and she is using this all to prove her point that she would do anything she had given her word to. This is another example of her unnaturalness and lack of maternity. She tells Macbeth to be brave and do it, and that if he does it right none ever needs to know. And there it ends, and one again Lady Macbeth has got her way. She is quite clever and you can tell she is not satisfied with the system, that she wants a higher status, and that until then she will need to be like the puppet master of the puppet that is Macbeth.

How sustainable is hydroelectricity generation Assignment

How sustainable is hydroelectricity generation - Assignment Example The turbine is connected to an electric system which through its rotation, an electric field is created which in turn creates an electric force that is harnessed and stored in grids to be distributed and sold to customers during peak times when there must be additional sources of energy. From Interview: According to Ron Taylor who is an experienced electrical engineer, hydroelectric power is sustainable. Experts need to establish the climatic shifts of the area where the project is to be built. Proper planning should also be done to ensure sustainability of the project. From Research: Through technological advancement, the industrial sector has achieved equipments which consumes low power so that the generated power would be economically viable to enhance high productivity in the long run. However, through enhancement of power storage systems by the establishment of digital capacitor banks which are responsible for both power correction and stability, adequate power is generated and used economically to reduce resource wastage (Huggins, 2010). It is recommended that cost effective power plants like hydroelectric plants should be constructed to lower the level and rates of ozone layer depletion which negatively impacts on the global climatic change. From Interview: Ron Taylor further states that, contrary to wind energy which is difficult to maintain, hydroelectric power is easier to maintain since it has a longer maintenance window. It is ranked among the worlds’ preferred power source with low effects on the environment; for instance, the global warming influenced by gas emissions (Huggins, 2010). The most expensive part of the project is the initial cost of installation, which is high as compared to the other sources of power, which are less costly to install but difficult to maintain. From Research: The ability to spend much money on maintenance entirely depends on the procedure involved in the maintenance process especially when

Korean Art History Research Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Korean Art History Research Paper - Essay Example Ikutaro (9) states that the Bottle Vase is believed to have been developed in the period between the 918- 1392 by the Goryeo dynasty of Korea. The ceramic is in the shape of a wheel-thrown stoneware that has incised and slip filled beautification and green contemplation. The work represents the autonomy of the Korean arts industry and the progressive developed from the ancient to present days. From this ceramic, it can be observed that the Korean culture is gifted with talented artists of all times. The ceramic was developed several centuries ago but remains attractive up to the present days. The silvery color of the ceramic together with the flowery carvings makes the ceramic quite unique. The flowers decorating the ceramic are a symbol of the Korean rich natural and user friendly environment. In essence the flowers represent the beauty of natural resources that are found in Korea. The mouth of the ceramic is coated with a shiny cup. The shiny top covering can be described to mean a bright future for the art industry. The neck of the ceramic is narrow and bulges outwards on reaching the central body. Moreover, the neck of the ceramic is upright or straight. The Bottle vase has a flat bottomed base that enhances stability and gives the piece of art a notable point of view. An analysis of the artistic style used to develop the ceramic reveals that the art is a blend of the ancient and modern technology. For instance, the flower decorations on the sides of the ceramic is an indication that at the time of developing the ceramic civilizations had started taking roots.

SUMMARY OF Indolence of the Filipinos Essay Example for Free

SUMMARY OF Indolence of the Filipinos Essay The essay itself originally appeared in the Filipino forthrightly review, La Solidaridad, of Madrid, in five installments, running from July 15 to September 15, 1890. It was a continuation of Rizals campaign of education in which he sought by blunt truths to awaken his countrymen to their own faults at the same time that he was arousing the Spaniards to the defects in Spains colonial system that caused and continued such shortcomings. (Craig, 1913) PART 1 ï‚ § indolence – misused in the sense of little love for work and lack of energy ï‚ § indolence does exist among the Filipinos ï‚ § examine the causes based on facts before proposing a remedy ï‚ § climate – factor for being indolent o â€Å"A hot, climate requires of the individual quiet and rest, just as cold incites to labor and action. † o â€Å"A man can live in any climate, if he will only adapt himself to its requirements and conditions.† ï‚ § Working hours of Filipinos (tenants) vs. Spanish Official and Landlords ï‚ § Tendency to indolence is very natural. ï‚ § Effect of misgovernment PART 2 ï‚ § analogy of physician( friars, Spanish government) , patient(Philippines), illness (indolence) ï‚ § indolence as a chronic illness o â€Å"Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one† Before the arrival of Spaniards, Malayan Filipinos raised on an active trade, not only among themselves but also with other neighboring countries (evidence that Filipinos were not indolent) ï‚ § an illness will worsen if the wrong treatment is given. ï‚ § â€Å"How is it that the Filipino people, so fond of its customs as to border on routine, has given up its ancient habits of work, of trade, of navigation, etc., even to the extent of completely forgetting its past?† PART 3 ï‚ § enumerates several reasons that may have caused the Filipinos cultural and economic corruption ï‚ § wars: conflict among Spaniards, natives and Moros ï‚ § invasion of Pirates o Results: diminished number of native Filipinos ï‚ § forced labor : Filipinos were sent abroad to fight for Spain or shipyards to construct vessels ï‚ § Some Filipinos hide in the forest and mountains and abandoned their farm lands (because of fear) ï‚ § â€Å"Still they struggled a long time against indolence, yes: but their enemies were so numerous that at last they gave up! PART 4 ï‚ §Ã¯â‚¬  Ã¯â€š  Ã¯â€š  Cut-off of trading ï‚ § Monopoly ï‚ § Abuse of land lords (ecnomenderos) o Permission to labor (KASAMA System) ï‚ § Absence of encouragement from the government o no aid for poor crops o does not seek market for its products ï‚ § Wrong teaching: o Why work? If the rich man will not go to heaven. o False teaching of church o Gambling – promise of sudden wealth ï‚ § Discrimination on education ï‚ § Spaniards insisted to Filipinos: o â€Å"The Filipino is convinced that to get happiness it is necessary for him to lay aside his dignity as a rational creature, to attend mass, to believe what is told him, to pay what is demanded of him, to pay and forever to pay; to work, suffer and be silent, without aspiring to anything, without aspiring to know or even to understand Spanish,without separating himself from his carabao, as the priests shamelessly say, without protesting against any injustice, against any arbitrary action, against an assault, against an insult; that is, not to have heart, brain or spirit: a creature with arms and a purse full of gold theres the ideal native!† ï‚ § Yet Filipinos still have inspirations, he thinks and strive to rise. PART 5 ï‚ § causes of indolence can be reduced to two factors(emerged from the people) o limited training and education of Filipino native †¢ developed inferiority o lack of a national sentiment of unity among them †¢ â€Å"A man in the Philippines is only an individual; he is not a member of a nation.† ï‚ § education and liberty is the key to solve this issue. The Indolence of the Filipinos: Analysis La Indolencia de los Filipinos, more popularly known in its English version, The Indolence of the Filipinos, is a exploratory essay written by Philippine national hero Dr. Jose Rizal, to explain the alleged idleness of his people during the Spanish colonization. SUMMARY. The Indolence of the Filipinos is a study of the causes why the people did not, as was said, work hard during the Spanish regime. Rizal pointed out that long before the coming of the Spaniards, the Filipinos were industrious and hardworking. The Spanish reign brought about a decline in economic activities because of certain causes: First, the establishment of the Galleon Trade cut off all previous associations of the Philippines with other countries in Asia and the Middle East. As a result, businesswas only conducted with Spain through Mexico. Because of this, the small businessesand handicraft industries that flourished during the pre-Spanish period gradually disappeared. Second, Spain also extinguished the natives’ love of work because of the implementation of forced labor. Because of the wars between Spain and other countries in Europe as well as the Muslims in Mindanao, the Filipinos were compelled to work in shipyards, roads, and other public works, abandoning agriculture, industry, and commerce. Third, Spain did not protect the people against foreign invaders and pirates. With no arms to defend themselves, the natives were killed, their houses burned, and their lands destroyed. As a result of this, the Filipinos were forced to become nomads, lost interest in cultivating their lands or in rebuilding the industries that were shut down, and simply became submissive to the mercy of God. Fourth, there was a crooked system of education, if it was to be considered aneducation. What was being taught in the schools were repetitive prayers and other things that could not be used by the students to lead the country to progress. There were no courses in Agriculture, Industry, etc., which were badly needed by thePhilippines during those times. Fifth, the Spanish rulers were a bad example to despise manual labor. The officials reported to work at noon and left early, all the while doing nothing in line with their duties. The women were seen constantly followed by servants who dressed them and fanned them – personal things which they ought to have done for themselves. Sixth, gambling was established and widely propagated during those times. Almost everyday there were cockfights, and during feast days, the government officials and friars were the first to engange in all sorts of bets and gambles. Seventh, there was a crooked system of religion. The friars taught the naà ¯ve Filipinos that it was easier for a poor man to enter heaven, and so they preferred not to work and remain poor so that they could easily enter heaven after they died. Lastly, the taxes were extremely high, so much so that a huge portion of what they earned went to the government or to the friars. When the object of their labor was removed and they were exploited, they were reduced to inaction. Rizal admitted that the Filipinos did not work so hard because they were wise enough to adjust themselves to the warm, tropical climate. â€Å"An hour’s work under that burning sun, in the midst of pernicious influences springing from nature in activity, is equal to a day’s labor in a temperate climate.† ANALYSIS It is important to note that indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one. Truth is, before the Spaniards arrived on these lands, the natives were industriously conducting business with China, Japan, Arabia, Malaysia, and other countries in the Middle East. The reasons for this said indolence were clearly stated in the essay, and were not based only on presumptions, but were grounded on fact taken from history. Another thing that we might add that had caused this indolence, is the lack of unity among the Filipino people. In the absence of unity and oneness, the people did not have the power to fight the hostile attacks of the government and of the other forces of society. There would also be no voice, no leader, to sow progress and to cultivate it, so that it may be reaped in due time. In such a condition, the Philippines remained a country that was lifeless, dead, simply existing and not living. As Rizal stated in conclusion, â€Å"a man in the Philippines is an individual; he is not merely a citizen of a country.† It can clearly be deduced from the writing that the cause of the indolence attributed to our race is Spain: When the Filipinos wanted to study and learn, there were no schools, and if there were any, they lacked sufficient resources and did not present more useful knowledge; when the Filipinos wanted to establish their businesses, there wasn’t enough capital nor protection from the government; when the Filipinos tried to cultivate their lands and establish various industries, they were made to pay enormous taxes and were exploited by the foreign rulers. It is not only the Philippines, but also other countries, that may be called indolent, depending on the criteria upon which such a label is based. Man cannot work without resting, and if in doing so he is considered lazy, they we could say that all men are indolent. One cannot blame a country that was deprived of its dignity, to have lost its will to continue building its foundation upon the backs of its people, especially when the fruits of their labor do not so much as reach their lips. When we spend our entire lives worshipping such a cruel and inhumane society, forced upon us by aliens who do not even know our motherland, we are destined to tire after a while. We are not fools, we are not puppets who simply do as we are commanded – we are human beings, who are motivated by our will towards the accomplishment of our objectives, and who strive for the preservation of our race. When this fundamental aspect of our existence is denied of us, who can blame us if we turn idle?

Muhammad Ali Essay -- Sports American History

Muhammad Ali Cassius Marcellus Clay Jr. later known as Muhammad Ali, was a black boxer, and was proud of it. Many African Americans were ashamed of their color, but Ali was different. He was the first boxer to win the Heavyweight Championship 3 different times. He had a great personality and was liked by the people. During his life, he made big decisions that changed the course of his life completely. Muhammad Ali's journey through life was a great inspiration for African American people, but Ali himself deserves the admiration of everyone. Muhammad Ali was a man made to box. He had a great career before him since he made his first professional fight under President Eisenhower presidency. His Professional Career was really impressive. His had a great balance and was able to move his hands and feet in great speed and coordination. Ali was said to dance in the ring while destroying his opponents. Ali started fighting at a very short age, and his first teacher was Joe Martin (Hauser 18). Through hard work and discipline, he became a professional fighter and eventually the Heavyweight champion of the world. Although he lost the title twice, he regained it three times, putting him in the history books. His boxing career was put to an end when he started suffering from Parkinson's disease. This was the end of his boxing, but his greatness will never die. Muhammad Ali was not the kind of person that gets taken away with fame and money. He is a simple, unsophisticated person with a very loving heart, and very determined (Hauser 186). He did not care much about himself, he enjoyed making people happy. While training, he let people come and see him, charging them to see the show. Doing so, he earned about $1000 a day. After the ... ...ons give us all an example of what it is to really believe in something and risk loosing it all for doing what is right. Ali's actions and decisions showed us he was not afraid of failure. His tranquility and determination made some people admire him. He made his decisions and stuck to them. Like he said, "And now the whole world knows that, so far as my own beliefs are concerned, I did what was right for me" (Hauser 172). Works Cited Bingham, Howard. Face to Face with Muhammad Ali. Reader's Digest. Dec. 2001: 90-97. Ebony Magazine http://www.Ebony.com Hauser, Thomas. Muhammad Ali: His Life and Times. New York, NY, Bantam Books, 1991 Works Consulted Tyers, Kathy. Muhammad Ali: The Greatest. San Mateo, Ca, IDG Books World Inc.1995 Muhammad Ali Definition of a champ http://www.DefinitionofaChamp.com Jet Magazine http://ww.JetOnline.com

Jet Blue Case Analysis Essay

Jetblue set out to provide its customers with a great airlines experience. Neeleman’s goal was to provide customers with â€Å"the types of amenities reserved for the pricier carriers, including wider seats †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦and 24 channels of in-flight television† ( Case study pg 400) One of Jetblue and Neeleman’s biggest challenges was to keep offering all these amenities while still competing with the big carriers by keeping their prices 50 to 60 percent lower on the same routes. As they grew and hired more employees they found it harder to maintain the same level of customer service across the board. Also other carriers began to compete with them in the lowprice arena. These bigger airlines had more planes and employees to they were better able to respond to the storm that blanketed New York in 2007. This storm proved to ruin many of Jetblues customer experiences due to the delays and cancellations. Jetblue gave all of their customers refunds and free flights in response to the delays. They were also feeling the effects of the storm longer than their bigger competition since they were understaffed because of pilots being stuck in other states. When the storm hit some flights set on the tarmac for up to ten hours still chancing to be able to leave during the storm. Jetblue could have cancelled these flights earlier and kept customers from having to endure sitting on planes for extended periods of time. If Jetblue had done this then they would have avoided much of the grief they experienced over the next week. Overall Jetblue should have better prepared for the storm by cancelling flights earlier and having extra staff on hand. Whomever was in charge of overall operations should have planned better and is the one who is the most responsible for the lack of preparation. Jet Blue did a great job handling the severe weather in February of 2007. They went above and beyond trying to compensate for the inconvenience and loss of time that their customers endured. They provided $26 million in refunds and vouchers to their passengers stranded in New York. None of the other major airlines offered compensation or even an apology. Even at the companies all time low they did an admirable job offering the JetBlue Experience. Although I commend the way JetBlue handled this difficult situation, there were steps that could have been taken to ease the inconvenience of their passengers. The day before the storm, there were multiple signs of severe weather on the horizon. Snow had already begun to fall and by the early morning the snow became ice pellets and freezing rain. The airline decided to ignore these signs, thus neglecting to warn its passengers of possible delays, resulting in six planes being boarded and ultimately stuck at their gates. Additionally, JetBlue had four incoming planes that should have been directed elsewhere and as a result those planes were unable to reach their terminals because all gates were occupied. If JetBlue would have paid attention to the warning signs and informed their customers, the ten planes and its passengers would have never been stuck at the terminals. The negative consequences JetBlue could face are primarily PR and financial. During the storm in February, the media was constantly covering JetBlue’s â€Å"trapped† customers. Some passengers even went so far as to start a blog called jetblueshostage.com. JetBlue was once known as the leader in service excellence in the airline industry. Now the company is faced with the difficult task of rebuilding its image in the public eye. Directly related to the company’s public image is its stock price. The market lost confidence in JetBlue following the events February of 2007, resulting in the companies stock price falling. In order to get everything back on track the company must first focus on its public image. In order to deal with the unfortunate quagmire the company had found itself in after the snowstorm in the northeast, JetBlue planned to launch a service guarantee known as the â€Å"Customer Bill of Rights† in order to make right what they had wronged. JetBlue announced it would spend $20 to $30 million in effort to appease thousands of stranded customers that were affected. The Bill of Rights works by offering vouchers to customers who experience delayed flights while flying with JetBlue. $25 for flights delayed one to two hours and up to a free round trip ticket for flights delayed up to 6 hours. Will the Customer’s Bill of Rights work in recovering the image JetBlue has tried so hard to create? In my opinion, yes I do think it will. Angry customers who had to deal with the delays on the initial happening will be provided an entire free ticket, and customers who deal with this in the future will be provided with vouchers or tickets as well. What else can an airline company do, errors happen and some may be out of the company’s control. The company must deal with how the error is handled and that is exactly what JetBlue is doing. Several actions and guidelines should be followed by JetBlue in order to insure the companies viability and future success. The launch of the Cutover’s Bill or Rights was a good step in the right direction, but company executives must work closely with their public affairs team to raise its awareness. JetBlue executives must also work with marketing executives to promote the Customer Bill of Rights with large stakeholder groups and already existing customers. JetBlue executives must support this bill of rights 100% in order to restore the company’s image. This means following their promise and actually providing vouchers for every single delayed flight. Customer Bill of Rights should also be leveraged as an advantage in comparison to its competitors. Considering JetBlue was the first to implement such a thing, advertising it as an advantage my pull customers in and keep current customers.

Cell Phone Usage While Driving

Cell Phone Usage While Driving The cellular phone has brought many services and many different ways of communicating. It has definitely made communication so much easier. However, when it comes to road safety, the cellular phone may be considered a risk especially when text messages and calls are received. On January 11, 2009 I got in a serious accident because of using the cellular phone while I was driving. I was driving to my friend’s house and I just received a text message.I was driving 45 mph in 35 mph zone and texting the same time. As soon as I looked up I passed a stop sign and collided to the car that was in front of me. My car was damaged and my insurance went up. Ever since the introduction of text messages, society has grown aware of the dangerous of texting while driving. Even though all people understand how it affects their life and the other people’s life, they still use their cellular phone.I was reading the Gazette newspaper the other day and accordin g to the national highway traffic administration, 16% of all fatal crashes in 2008 were caused by driver distraction. One of the most obvious things that happen when a driver is texting while driving is that the driver would avert his eyes form the road for around five seconds. This is more than enough time for a person to run in front of the vehicle or for the vehicle in front of you to make a sudden stop or to miss seeing the light change.The Washington Post news paper edition of June12, 2010 talks about a study that was done by University of Utah psychologists using a driving simulator under four different conditions: with no distractions, using a handheld cell phone, talking on a hands-free cell phone, and while intoxicated to the 0. 08 percent blood-alcohol level, 40 participants followed a simulated pace car that braked intermittently. Researchers found that the drivers on cell phones drove more slowly, braked more slowly and were more likely to crash. In fact, the three parti cipants who collided into the pace car were chatting away.None of the drunken drivers crashed. Now laws have been enforced to prevent accidents from happening on roadways. States such as California, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey and Washington D. C. have passed laws that prohibit the use of hand held cell phones while driving. Maryland becomes the seven states to pass the cell phone use while driving. A 2003 Harvard study estimated that cell phone distractions caused 2,600 traffic deaths every year, and 330,000 accidents that result in moderate or severe injuries but Americans have largely ignored that research.Instead, they increasingly use phones, navigation devices and even laptops to turn their cars into mobile offices, chat rooms and entertainment centers, making roads more dangerous to other drivers. District of Columbia require drivers who talk on cell phones to use hands-free devices, but research shows that using headsets can be as dangerous as holding a phone because t he conversation distracts drivers from focusing on the road. Older drivers were slightly less likely to get into accidents than younger drivers; they tend to have a greater following distance.Their reactions are impaired, but they are driving so careful they were less likely to smash into somebody. Also new drives are especially on the top list to have an accident when they use a cell phone while driving. The reasoning for this is that new drivers have less experience in focusing on driving during distractions. Also teen drivers send text messages while driving. Since text messaging involves the hands and the eyes, this is thought to be more distracting and dangerous than when drivers use a cell phone while driving only for speaking and listening.Now days most of the new cars has phones that is already built in the car and using that is would be dangerous as picking up the phone and dialing. Overall, if drivers feel they cannot use a handless device or if they are easily distracted on the road by their conversation, then they should not be driving, because they are a danger to others on the road. Also if they need to talk or text they should pull up to the side and finish their business before they get back to the road and driving. Cell Phone Usage While Driving It's an even greater challenge if I don't have my eating glasses on I never wear them while driving. It takes two hands to type. My 20-something children can do it one handed, rarely looking at the keyboard. The light changes. I'm almost finished. â€Å"Hurry, Hurry,† I tell my self, pulling into the intersection while pressing â€Å"send†. Boone. L. (2009, August 10). Cell phone usage while driving should be banned completely in the US do to all hazards it creates on a daily basis on US roads.As a professional driver (truck driver) he sees it everyday, drivers with a cell phone in hand testing while driving, or on the phone talking to someone, completely unaware of their surroundings, swerving, slowing down, ten, twenty, and even thirty miles an hour from the posted speed limit, not thinking for one second the dangerous situation that they are putting themselves and others in.He doesn't understand how can drivers despite of all the advertising campaigns on television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and magazines, drivers still go a head and use that cell phone while driving. But one of the worst thing he sees on a daily basis, is the people that are supposed to be enforcing this laws (the cops) are the first to be breaking them. Just every cop he sees driving on the road is talking on the cell phone. Wright, like they say â€Å"lead by example†.Just the other day while driving on the highway as he was approaching an off ramp, he looks to the right and see a car with a young woman driving and a baby in the rear seat, she is on the phone, not looking to the left for one second to check the on coming traffic, and Just as she is at the point were the off ramp meets the highways, she takes a look to the left, and realizes that she has no room to go in to the highway and has to force her self to the shoulder and into the rays, almost crashing into the trees.How can she be so careless? What kind of person puts a baby and them self in that situati on? Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. )† A report by The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that driving while using the cell phone probably is hazardous, but wouldn't speculate how great the risk was, nor what other mitigating factors might be involve†. Now the numbers are staggering, Schroeder, P. , Meyers, M. & Stinkbug, L. 2013, April) the statistics for 2011 on cell phone and driving say it's estimated that at least 23% of all car accidents ACH year involves cell phone use – that's 1. 3 million crashes, 3,331 people were killed and 387,00 were injured, and in 2012, 24% of all car accidents each year involves cell phone use, 3,328 people were killed, and 421,00 were injured. With this type of statistics, and as we can see, on the rise every year, what are the law makers or the government waiting for, to establish a ban on cell phone use while driving.States have proposed bans on cell phone use while driving, for example: Excerpt by Mansfield, S. (20 00, Mar. ) in Arizona, a person shall not operate a motor vehicle on a Agway while using a cellular telephone, a computer, headphones or earphones, excluding hearing aids or other devices for improving the hearing of the person, and any other electronic device not installed by the manufacturer an that is not essential to the operation of a motor vehicle.In Colorado, â€Å"mobile communications device† means a cellular phone, citizen's band radio, or other device that enables a person in a motor vehicle to transmit and receive audio signals†¦ No person shall use mobile communication device while operating a motor vehicle unless the device is pacifically designated to allow hands-free operation. Like the states mention above, in 2000 there were seven more states, that propose bans on cell phones while driving and nothing has come out of this proposals.From the year 2000 to present, the numbers on this surveys and studies that are been conducted by this government entities and private companies are still on the rise, and drivers don't seem to want to change their habits while driving, and all the debates between state legislators don't seem to be getting them no were, and at least for the moment don't for see any hangs in the laws any time soon. What can we, as responsible adults, and drivers do to help minimize this hazards that are been created by irresponsible drivers everyday.How can we get this so called legislators, to change their minds and finally approve bans that we so desperately need to make our roads much safer than what they are now. Have we not seen enough? How many friends, family members, families, and children, or loved ones need to be killed or affected, before someone does something about this absent minded killer. Cell Phone Usage While Driving It's an even greater challenge if I don't have my eating glasses on I never wear them while driving. It takes two hands to type. My 20-something children can do it one handed, rarely looking at the keyboard. The light changes. I'm almost finished. â€Å"Hurry, Hurry,† I tell my self, pulling into the intersection while pressing â€Å"send†. Boone. L. (2009, August 10). Cell phone usage while driving should be banned completely in the US do to all hazards it creates on a daily basis on US roads.As a professional driver (truck driver) he sees it everyday, drivers with a cell phone in hand testing while driving, or on the phone talking to someone, completely unaware of their surroundings, swerving, slowing down, ten, twenty, and even thirty miles an hour from the posted speed limit, not thinking for one second the dangerous situation that they are putting themselves and others in.He doesn't understand how can drivers despite of all the advertising campaigns on television, radio, billboards, newspapers, and magazines, drivers still go a head and use that cell phone while driving. But one of the worst thing he sees on a daily basis, is the people that are supposed to be enforcing this laws (the cops) are the first to be breaking them. Just every cop he sees driving on the road is talking on the cell phone. Wright, like they say â€Å"lead by example†.Just the other day while driving on the highway as he was approaching an off ramp, he looks to the right and see a car with a young woman driving and a baby in the rear seat, she is on the phone, not looking to the left for one second to check the on coming traffic, and Just as she is at the point were the off ramp meets the highways, she takes a look to the left, and realizes that she has no room to go in to the highway and has to force her self to the shoulder and into the rays, almost crashing into the trees.How can she be so careless? What kind of person puts a baby and them self in that situati on? Mansfield, S. (2000, Mar. )† A report by The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration states that driving while using the cell phone probably is hazardous, but wouldn't speculate how great the risk was, nor what other mitigating factors might be involve†. Now the numbers are staggering, Schroeder, P. , Meyers, M. & Stinkbug, L. 2013, April) the statistics for 2011 on cell phone and driving say it's estimated that at least 23% of all car accidents ACH year involves cell phone use – that's 1. 3 million crashes, 3,331 people were killed and 387,00 were injured, and in 2012, 24% of all car accidents each year involves cell phone use, 3,328 people were killed, and 421,00 were injured. With this type of statistics, and as we can see, on the rise every year, what are the law makers or the government waiting for, to establish a ban on cell phone use while driving.States have proposed bans on cell phone use while driving, for example: Excerpt by Mansfield, S. (20 00, Mar. ) in Arizona, a person shall not operate a motor vehicle on a Agway while using a cellular telephone, a computer, headphones or earphones, excluding hearing aids or other devices for improving the hearing of the person, and any other electronic device not installed by the manufacturer an that is not essential to the operation of a motor vehicle.In Colorado, â€Å"mobile communications device† means a cellular phone, citizen's band radio, or other device that enables a person in a motor vehicle to transmit and receive audio signals†¦ No person shall use mobile communication device while operating a motor vehicle unless the device is pacifically designated to allow hands-free operation. Like the states mention above, in 2000 there were seven more states, that propose bans on cell phones while driving and nothing has come out of this proposals.From the year 2000 to present, the numbers on this surveys and studies that are been conducted by this government entities and private companies are still on the rise, and drivers don't seem to want to change their habits while driving, and all the debates between state legislators don't seem to be getting them no were, and at least for the moment don't for see any hangs in the laws any time soon. What can we, as responsible adults, and drivers do to help minimize this hazards that are been created by irresponsible drivers everyday.How can we get this so called legislators, to change their minds and finally approve bans that we so desperately need to make our roads much safer than what they are now. Have we not seen enough? How many friends, family members, families, and children, or loved ones need to be killed or affected, before someone does something about this absent minded killer.

Effects of Television Violence essays

Effects of Television Violence essays What has the world come to these days? It often seems like everywhere one looks, violence rears its ugly head. We see it in the streets, back alleys, school, and even at home. In many peoples' living rooms there sits an outlet for violence that often goes unnoticed. It is the television, and the children who view it are often pulled into its realistic world of violence scenes with sometimes devastating results. A lot of research has gone into showing why television and the things that take place on the screen affect kids. Research shows that movies and TV are definitely a major source of violent behavior in children. The research proves time and time again that aggression and television viewing do go hand in hand. It is true that violence on the boob tube affects children. Some are try to find a solution for the problem; others ignore it and hope that the problem disappears. However, the facts are undeniable. The research has been done and the information has resulted out to one co nclusion: Television violence causes children to be violent and the effected for the rest of their lives. The research proved my hypothesis. Violent television viewing does affect children. The effects have been seen in a number of cases. The First case In Alabama, a nine-year-old boy received a bad report card from his teacher. He suggested sending the teacher poisoned candy as revenge as he had seen on television the night before. In California, a seven-year-old boy sprinkled ground-up glass into the lamb stew the family was to eat for dinner. When asked why he did it he replied that he wanted to see if the results would be the same in real life as they were on television (Howe 72). In New York, a boy broke into a basement. When the police caught him and asked him why he was wearing gloves he replied that he had learned on television the when you wear gloves you do not leave fingerprints. These are just a few cases I discovered of how te...

How I Got my Indie Novel Into the Nations Largest BrickMortar Store

How I Got my Indie Novel Into the Nations Largest BrickMortar Store "How I Got my Indie Novel Into the Country's Largest Brick-and-Mortar Chain" - By Carol Cooper Carol Cooper is a journalist, author, and doctor. She writes for The Sun newspaper, broadcasts on TV and radio, and has a string of non-fiction books to her name including an award-winning textbook of medicine. In this post, Carol reveals how she got her latest novel, Hampstead Fever, into Britain’s largest chain of booksellers. For the last few weeks, I’ve bragged to anyone who’ll listen that my self-published novel, Hampstead Fever, is in a prestigious front-of-store promotion in WH Smith travel bookstores. And no wonder I’m proud. Not only am I distributing my novel as an ebook - readers can now get it at over 700 airports and train stations around the UK.  WH Smith, after all, is the go-to place to grab a good read for a journey or holiday.I don’t have a sure-fire recipe for other indie authors to follow, but I can certainly explain what worked for me. Read how @DrCarolCooper got her latest novel into UK's largest brick-and-mortar chain 1. Get out and listen to peopleI owe a lot to the London Book Fair, circa 2015. That’s where I came across WH Smith Travel buyer Matt Bates. He spoke at Author HQ, a part of the fair dedicated to writers. He was charming, knowledgeable and enthusiastic and he wasn’t full of himself, which, as I recall, one or two other speakers at the fair were.I said a bland ‘Hello’ to Matt at the end of his talk. I don’t remember my exact words, but I said nothing about my writing. Hampstead Fever  at the WH Smith at London Gatwick AirportNo harm in trying, especially as by then my book was in many bookstores including Waterstones, Heffers Cambridge, and a sizeable number of independent bookshops, and had featured in local press and radio.   I sent Matt a brief email, attaching that eye-catching cover.Matt asked to see a copy of the book. There followed a longish silence. Then he replied, proposing a promo in over thirty of WH Smith’s travel bookstores as part of a buy one, get one half-price offer.I needed to do nothing more, except talk to Clays about a reprint and arrange the discount and return terms that WH Smith requires.I’m certain the stunning cover did much of the work for me. As for the content, people have been kind enough to say that Hampstead Fever captures multicultural urban life. It’s an easy read and makes people laugh, but it also covers some weightier issues.To other self-publishing authors wanting to get into booksho ps, my single best piece of advice is this: aim for a quality product that booksellers will love to have in their stores. "Aim for a quality product that booksellers will love to feature." @DrCarolCooper In your chain of priorities, how important is it to you to get your book in stores? If you have any thoughts, comments or questions for Carol Cooper, leave them in the comments below. Find out more about the author on her website or by following her on Twitter.

Cover letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cover letter - Essay Example I have been placing a high value on formal academic training as essential to achieve my career goal as a business manager in a commercial organization. It is in this context that although I have been in regular employment since July 2002 after high school graduation, I have not neglected to pursue college and higher education till date. My education is evolving over the subject of management, interlaced with related work experience. Simultaneously, I am also a certified ‘computer applications and database management’ specialist. Thus, I am sufficiently practical to understand the importance of education and hands-on training to be a successful business manager. I have had a steady career with church services ever since December 2000 and worked in various capacities. These positions helped me in several ways to not only learn to be a disciplined staff member but also to organize teams, lead events and interact with the public in a productive manner. In other words, I am comfortable in managing colleagues and customers in order to produce a high level of competence in services, and satisfaction among customers. I believe that these traits are essential for the advertised post in restaurant services. That I have been successful so far in my endeavors is indicated by the steady progress in my career with the present employers. After working for several years now in church services and simultaneously pursuing my educational goals, I am now keen to move on and occupy my rightful place in a commercial organization. I am confident that I can handle the challenges of such a change and add value to your organization through my qualifications, experience, and above all commitment and

Choose one fromTOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT or NEW PRODUCT OR NEW SERVICE Essay

Choose one fromTOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT or NEW PRODUCT OR NEW SERVICE INTRODUCTION (NPI) orLEAN MANAGEMENT - Essay Example The engine and the accessories are all out-sourced from about 80 suppliers. The engine supplier is located about 100 Km away but the accessory suppliers are scattered all over the country There is a paint shop but the company uses a contractor to do the jobs with his own labour. 2. There is either a shortage or excess of raw materials at Production Assembly Line as the company works on basis of Material Requirement Planning (MRP) and is dependant on supplier offering delivery dates 3. Movement within the plant is slow and not smooth. Apart from the main conveyor Belt there are few conveyor belts and component feeding is mostly manual. There are only 3 forklift trucks, one for each Machine shop. As a result of above there are Erratic Dispatches. The dealers complain of missing delivery dates for their customers. Despite having fixed quotas for 50 dealerships the company is unable to forecast its requirements. This shows complete ignorance of how to use data and information for production planning. There is no consistency in Production plan. It is made weekly as per demand pressure without considering availability of capacity or raw materials. The Material Requirement Planning (MRP) does not take into consideration the available capacity and schedules resulting in either excess raw materials or shortage of raw materials at production head and elsewhere. Resources are not adequately available for Production resulting in delays within the operation Many movements within same section and between sections are manual as there is a shortage fork-lift trucks. No attention has been paid to installation of conveyers within sections and adding more forklift trucks between sections. Despite the equipment being relatively new breakdowns occur due to non existence of Preventive Maintenance Plans and non availability of spares in time Supply chain is not synchronized with Production hence raw material arrival does not match Production requirements. The

Why We Fight by Eugene Jarecki Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Why We Fight by Eugene Jarecki - Essay Example The documentary was initially screened at the Sundance Film Festival in the year 2005. A notable fact in this regard is that the date it first appeared was 17th of January in the year 2005 which happened to be exactly forty –four years after the farewell address of the President Dwight D. Eisenhower. This documentary received very strict and limited public release. A main reason for this was that, it contained some of the explicit and detailed perception regarding the American war policy. On 22nd January 2006 the documentary made its way for the public release and then the documentary was released on DVD on 27th June in the year 2006. It was released by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment. The documentary bagged Grimme Award in 2006. It produced enough justification for the military aggression and myriad foreign policies undertaken by the government of America since World War II. This includes Vietnam invasion and also a major part of the documentary is dedicated to the Iraq inva sion by America in the year 2003. At the same time, the attacks on the twin towers and that of the Pentagon on 11th September 2001 find detailed discussion in the film. Overview The film captivates valuable testimonies of veteran politician John McCain and also of Charles Cameron who is an ex-CIA analyst and well versed political scientist. The documentary also contains valuable thoughts from the Richard Perle, a politician, and also of the renowned non-conservative commentator, William Kristol. Apart from these, thoughts of Gore Vidal, the popular writer and Joseph Cirincione, the public policy specialist appear in the documentary as well. All the opinions of these people are very important and they try to justify the military movement of America since World War II days. But a detailed examination of the film itself will instigate the viewers to review and throw some light on the foreign policies and military invasions undertaken by America. Especially the foreign policy of America towards Middle East and Islamic countries needs to get a revision in order to judge the original need of the invasion since the gulf-war and interference of the super power in these oil belts of Middle East. The question is that America claims time and again that the invasion is a kind of protection for the United States which saves the nation from various external threats. For example, the attack of the 11th September 2001 is hyped, justified and viewed as the major reason for the consequential Iraq invasion of 2003. Undoubtedly, 11th September is a dark day in the calendar of civilisation and no matter where and how human lives are being taken, it is not appreciated in the eyes of any civilised society. But underneath the much hyped propaganda for the justification of the attack on Afghanistan or on Iraq needs a detailed supervision because many innocent lives were also lost for these military aggression and that can never be justified or sympathised with the presentation of the thought of the Vietnam war veteran, whose son was killed in the 11th September attack and that he urged the military to engrave the name of his dead son on a bomb before dropping it on Iraq. However, in the light of the above discussion, the crucial point cannot be ignored that a complete invasion, captivation and unanimous threat was launched across America against the Islamic people. Even the citizens and the tax-payers of the nation who have only their root, ethnicity and lineages from the Middle –East were not spared. Relationship between Middle-East Islam and American Foreign Policy US policy views Middle-East Islamist movements and some organizations at par with terrorist activist groups. America also perceives that Islamist faction groups of the

Example of a Speech Outline Essay Example for Free

Example of a Speech Outline Essay Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the decreasing number of whales and the reasons why they are hunted down. Central Idea: Whales are declining in numbers as there are commercial reasons that explain why they are hunted down: their blubber, meat and bones. Introduction I. ‘Whale Wars’. A. Ever heard of it? B. If you haven’t, it is a documentary about a group of very brave and concerned conservationists called ‘The Sea Shepherd’ who literally have wars with a Japanese whaling ship. C. But why do they do it? Why do they put themselves in danger to fight against a gigantic ship equipped with harpoons when all they have are gas grenades? II. Their concern is towards the killing of whales at a large scale by the Japanese ship called ‘Nishin-Maru’. A. The Japanese managed to win votes at the 2006 IWC conference declaring the Moratorium on Commercial Whaling unnecessary and blamed the whales for depleting fish stock. B. Following their win, they have expanded their whaling efforts to kill in the Atlantic, doubling their normal kills. III. From the opportunity that I have gained by watching this documentary and little research that I have done, I was able to see clearly how much damage that we humans have caused. IV. Today, I would like for all of you to say the same once you have seen the numbers of whales that are declining and why they are hunted down. (Transition: I would like to begin with the downfall of these mighty giants) Body I. Whales continue to decline in numbers and there are reasons why they are hunted down. A. The Japanese exploits a loophole in the International Whaling Commission (IWC) 1. Despite the banning whaling, they have killed more than 17,000 whales for their so called ‘scientific research’. a. What were once 220,000 of them, the number of Blue Whales has now been reduced to only 3000 worldwide. b. The common species of Minke Whales being the smallest of all kind were targeted only after the larger species became rare are estimated about 250,000 left worldwide despite Japanese claims of close to a million. B. Whales continue to be killed largely for their blubber, meat and bones to satisfy human desires. 1. This includes whale oil, which is obtained from the blubber used as a cheap illuminate, giving off a strong odour when burnt and was therefore replaced with cheaper, efficient kerosene. a. However, whale oil is still extracted by the Intuits’ of North America as they are granted special whaling rights by IWC. b. Whale oil is also used to make margarine and in cars as an automatic transmission fluid until it was banned by Endangered Species Act. 2. Whale meat is also sold in many 1st class Japanese Restaurants for top dollar as it is said to be exclusive. a. However, research has shown that 75% of Japan’s whale meat goes unsold. b. A newspaper poll found that only 4% of Japanese regularly eat whale meat. 3. The bones of whales are also used to make various types of clothing including women’s corset and other type of items such as umbrellas and fishing rods which are all made from the plates of Baleen Whales. Conclusion I. I sincerely hope that you understand the damage that we humans can and have caused. II. Needless to say, the number of whales are rapidly decreasing and now you know why, shall we not make an effort in saving these creatures? III. That’s all from me, thank you.

A Frank Piece of Pie :: Free Essay Writer

A Frank Piece of Pie A new movie that came out two weeks ago is â€Å"American Pie.† â€Å"American Pie† is a teen sex comedy that is the most sexually frank and vulgar of a long line of recently released movies that fall in this category. Other such movies that have recently come out but are not quite as frank are â€Å"Can’t Hardly Wait† and â€Å"She’s All That.† When asking what exactly is a teen sex comedy the definition is hard to explain. A teen sex comedy is a comedy with a target audience age of about fifteen to twenty-five. It is a comedy that relates to its target audience and deals with its problems. The movie takes place in either a school or function that deals with people in this target audience. The film shows all of the aspects of this age groups life showing confrontations with sex, drugs, parties, police, parents and friends. â€Å"American Pie† is the most frank and vulgar when showing sexual tension, questions about sex and sex in general. Movies like this have been around for a while, but never one so frank and vulgar. Not every movie shows a guy chug back on semen filled beer, which they refer to as the â€Å"Pale Ale.† In the eighties movies such as â€Å"License to Drive,† â€Å"Fast Times at Ridgemont High† and â€Å"The Breakfast Club† all spoke of sex and joked of sex but not in the manner that â€Å"American Pie† does. When teen sex comedies were made in the eighties they could not be as vulgar for several reasons. One reason is that society would not accept them to be so vulgar. If films like â€Å"American Pie† were released in the eighties they would be bashed to death by critics that reviewed it and would receive a rating of NC-35. The second reason is that the movie was designed to be a good wholesome movie not one that is graphic and raunchy. However times have changed. In present times our society is more relaxed and is prone to these raunchy movies. We as movie viewers are more ready for these vulgar movies and know that each movie in this category tries to be more vulgar and frank than its predecessor merely to gain attention and snag more viewers. One problem with these movies being so frank and vulgar in present times is that they fail to mention that all of this casual sex could lead to someone getting a STD or aids.

Channel Distribution

HISTORY OF PROCTER & GAMBLE:Procter & Gamble Co., also known as P&G, is an American multinational consumer goods company headquartered in downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, United States. Its products include pet foods, cleaning agents, and personal care products. Prior to the sale of Pringles to the Kellogg Company, its product line included foods and beverages. In 2012, P&G recorded $83.68 billion in sales. Fortune magazine awarded P&G a top spot on its list of â€Å"Global Top Companies for Leaders†, and ranked the company at fifteenth place of the â€Å"World's Most Admired Companies† list.Chief Executive Magazine named P&G the best overall company for leadership development in its list of the â€Å"40 Best Companies for Leaders†.THE POWER OF PURPOSE:Companies like P&G are a force in the world. Our market capitalization is greater than the GDP of many countries, and we market our products in more than 180 countries. With this stature comes both responsibility and opp ortunities. Our responsibility is to be an ethical corporate citizen-but our opportunity is something far greater, and is embodied in our PURPOSE. P&G’s Purpose Statement articulates a common goal that inspires us daily:â€Å"We will provide branded products and services of superior quality and value that improves the lives of the world’s consumers, now and generations to come. As a result, consumers will reward us with leadership sales, profit, and value creation, allowing our people, our shareholders, and the communities in which we live and work to prosper.†P&G PRODUCT:Downy is a brand name of fabric softener produced by Procter & Gamble and sold in the United States. It entered the U.S. test market in August 1960 and went nationwide in December 1961. It was also sold in Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, Egypt and Latin America. Lenor is a brand name of fabric softener and dryer sheets, also produced by Procter & Gamble, sold in Europe, Russia, China and Japan. Plans to rebrand Lenor as Downy in the UK were dropped in 2002.CONCLUSION:My conclusion about my research about the retailers and suppliers of P&G is they have so many products manufactured inside and outside the Philippines, that’s why they are one of the best chosen products/company here in our country because of their quality and service they are providing to the customers so the customers can satisfy the needs and wants of their fellow customers. I also want to include that P&G will inspire many Filipinos to their products they introduce each and every time they produce a new product to the market.

Key Benefits And Challenges Of An Integrated Approach To Working With Children With Additional Needs And Their Families In An Early Years Setting.

Introduction Many families who have children with additional needs often fear sending their children to mainstream schools (Wang 2009). Such parents often fear that their children will not be treated equally in mainstream school, and also worry about how well their specific needs can be met (NCSE 2011). As such they often place them in special settings with low student-pupil ratios and with specialized teaching. However, the effectiveness of special settings has recently been questioned. Placing children with special needs in special settings has been a subject of considerable debate over the past few years (Wall 2011). While the general public view is that special needs students can benefit from individual and small group instruction, there is no compelling evidence to support this claim. In fact, the opposite seems true. According to a study conducted by Casey et al (1998), it was found that special schools with curricula designed specifically for special needs students did not necessarily result in better improvements in children’s cognitive ability or developmental outcomes. A similar study by Bunch & Valeo (1997) came to similar conclusions It was claimed that special placement of children with additional needs has not demonstrated substantive advantages over mainstream classes, despite specialized teaching and lower teacher to pupil ratio. More recent researches by Brown et al (2005) and Allen & Cowdery (2005) have made similar conclusions. In this regard, this paper examines the key benefits and challenges of an integrated approach to working with children with additional needs and their families in an early years setting. Defining the term ‘Additional needs’ Before exploring further, it is worthwhile to first define the term ‘additional needs’. This term is used in reference to certain conditions or circumstances that might lead to children requiring special support (Owens 2009). Children with additional needs are mainly those that have health conditions and needs related to learning and physical development (Roffey 2001). That is, children with additional needs include: those who are physically handicapped, those with developmental delay or intellectual disability, communication disorders and those diagnosed with conditions such as Down syndrome, Autism or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (Owens 2009). ‘Inclusion’ Having defined the term ‘additional needs’, it is important to understand the context in which the term ‘inclusion’ is used. As Connor (2006) points out, the concept of inclusion is used to describe placement of children with additional needs in regular settings rather than special facilities. It should be noted that inclusion goes beyond just teaching the child in inclusive classroom settings and includes the quality of the child’s experience of school life and association with other peers. Legislative framework. Key legislations governing provision of services to special needs children include the ‘Education (NI) Order 1996’ and the ‘Special Education Needs and Disability (NI) Order 2005’ (DoE 2009). The former outlines the rights and duties of the following in relation to special needs students: schools, parents, Health and Social Services Boards, Education and Library Boards Department of Education It also sets out a Code of Practice and establishes an arrangement for issuing a statement and assessment of these children’s education needs (Porter 2003). The ‘Special Education Needs and Disability (NI) Order 2005’ resulted from amendments made to the first one to include the right of special needs children to mainstream education and introduction of new disability discrimination responsibilities (DoE 2009). Integrated approach In the UK, these children with special needs are integrated into the mainstream schools provided that there is adequate equipment, enough staff and the right resources to ensure that they achieve their full potential ( Heinemann & Vickerman 2009). However, it is not mandatory for mainstream schools to enroll children with special needs. Rather, it depends on the ability of the school itself to meet their needs. If the mainstream school setting cannot provide for their needs, the child is placed under the local authority which then seeks to provide solutions (Silberfeld 2009). There is a growing recognition of the benefits of including special needs students in mainstream schools as opposed to remedial settings. Now more than ever, there is an increased emphasis on collaborative model and joint working to ensure that children with special needs are included in mainstream education (Duke & Smith 2007). Perhaps this has been driven by the recognition of its benefits and increasing trend in children in need of special attention. The number of children with educational needs in the UK has been on the rise over the past few years. For example, their proportion as a percentage of the total school population increased from 14.6% in 2003 to 17.7% in 2007 (DoE 2009). Benefits There are several benefits for such an integrated approach to working with children with special needs. First, such inclusive programs will help other children to understand them, accept them, appreciate and value their similarities and differences (Sammons et al. 2003). This will enable them to see each person as an individual as opposed to seeing them in terms of their needs. Another benefit to such an integrated approach is the reduction in stigma. There is compelling evidence that shows that placing children with special needs in mainstream schools in the early stages can significantly reduce stigma (Griffin 2008). Inclusion programmes have the potential to facilitate a relationship that can be mutually beneficial for both groups of students. It allows children from both groups to develop awareness and to value their differences, thereby reducing stigmatization and labeling. An integrated approach to learning enhances social integration and reduces stigmatization and prejudice ag ainst children with special needs (Griffin 2008). Inclusion also reflects the acceptance of special needs children in the society. The integrated approach makes children with special needs to feel accepted to the society and by their peers and gives them a sense of belonging (Robinson & Jones-Diaz 2005). Such inclusive programmes can as well be of benefit to the parents. All that parents want is for their children to live typical lives like other students including being accepted by their friends and peers (Owens 2009). Families’ visions of having their children experience typical life like other regular students can come true (Weston 2010)Furthermore, maintaining an inclusive setting can be more economical than running a special setting (Weston 2010). Additionally, the economic outputs can be greater when special needs students are educated in mainstream schools because of the self-sufficiency skills stressed in such settings (Mitchell 2009). Other benefits to such an integr ated approach include: improved academic performance, opportunity to participate in typical experiences of childhood, and gaining confidence to pursue inclusion in other settings such as recreational groups (Jones 2004). Research seems to suggest that special need children perform better when placed together with other peers in the natural setting (Brown et al., 2005). As Allen & Cowdery (2005) points out, special need children who receive services such as occupational therapy, language therapy and special education perform even better when provided with these services in the natural settings with their typically developing peers. Challenges While the arguments in favour of integration are valid, it should also be remembered that integration in itself is a two-way process. In most cases, the benefits of integration have been argued from the side of special needs student. What about the other group of students. Aren’t they going to be affected by the way services are devoted t o special needs students? Such an integrated approach raises several key challenges. One particular challenge relates to the issue of fairness. Given their inclusion in mainstream classrooms, how can fairness be determinedWhat is fair for a typical average studentAnd what is fair for a special needs student (Swartz 2005)It is questionable whether the educational needs of these students can be met in mainstream classes especially given that they requires some sort of specialized services and special attention as well. There is a danger that the attention given to the special needs students will affect the quality of services that the regular students receive (Hoccut 1996). Given the developmental delays that most special needs students experience, the other regular students may rate themselves with these students in terms of academic performance which eventually might lead to the decline in their creativity and critical thinking capabilities (Wang 2009). Can this be termed as fair to either groupThis remains a major challenge to such inclusion programmes. Another challenge relates to the aggressive nature of some of these children. Coping with emotionally and behaviourally disturbed children can be particularly challenging for both the students and teachers (Cohen et al 2004). This can be seen with the recent push by some schools for ‘responsible inclusion’. Some of these children mental health needs are beyond what the mainstream education can deliver and as such can be disruptive to other students. Schools have become de facto mental health providers for children with special needs yet they were not set up for such purposes (Heinneman & Vickerman 2009). Despite these challenges, the focus should be on promoting integration of special needs students into the mainstream education. While there are many arguments in favour of and against integrations, the benefits for such integration are significant. Those in favour of special facilities argue that these facilities are best for children with special needs in that it helps them maintain self-esteem and experience greater success (Cohen et al. 2004). They argue that segregation helps them with self-esteem and protects them from stigmatization. To some extent, they raise a valid argument especially given that the mainstream schools do not have enough human resources and adequate material for catering for the needs of such children (Hocutt 1996). However, such an approach will only further enhance stigmatization and negative labelling. Also, it might lead to social isolation from their peers and a lack of academic press, and higher order thinking among children with special needs. Moreover, placing such students in special facilities conjures up images which render them as failures and this may further reinforce their low-self esteem (Cohen et al 2004). Perhaps this might be the reason why some of these students become physically aggressive or verbally abusive. They end up viewing aggression as the only way to be recognized (Cohen et al 2004). There are several benefits to such an intergrated approach to learning including better social adjustment and stigma reduction. Children with special needs may also benefit from inclusion programs through participating in typical experiences of childhood, gaining an understanding about diversity of people in the community, and gaining the confidence to pursue inclusion in other settings such as recreational groups (Nutbrown & Clough 2010). Other regular students may benefit from the opportunity to meet and share experiences with special needs students, and developing positive attitudes towards students with varied abilities (Weston 2003). There is a need to ensure that these students receive as broad and balanced an entitlement curriculum as possible, similar to that received by the regular students (Cohens et al. 2004). Regardless of their condition or of the developmental delays that children with special needs may e xperience, they should all be allowed to learn and participate in everyday routines just like other children (Weston 2003).It should be remembered that children of all ages have the same intrinsic value and are entitled to the same opportunities for participation in child care. Conclusion Research has shown that special needs students who are mixed with their peers in mainstream classrooms are more likely to achieve better outcomes academically and socially while those in segregated classes fall further behind. There are, however, challenges to such an integrated approach to working with special needs children. Challenges related to coping with emotionally and behaviourally disturbed children and the challenge of ensuring fairness have been highlighted in this paper. Despite these challenges, the paper calls for an integrated approach to working with children with special needs. Unless there is a compelling reason to put special needs children in special settings, they should be placed in the mainstream educational setting. To ensure the success of this integrated approach, it is important that all the professionals involved value and appreciate their individual roles and those of others in order to ensure that these children receive best education, care and support. Families must also show their commitment to the multi-disciplinary partnership approaches. References Allen, K. E., and Cowdery, G. E., 2004. The exceptional child: Inclusion in early childhood. Albany, NY: Delmar. Brown, J.G., Hemmeter, M.L. and Pretti-Frontczak, K., 2005. Blended practices for teaching young children in inclusive settings. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Cohen, L., Manion, L. and Morrison, K., 2004. A guide to teaching practice. Psychology press Connor, J. (2006) Redefining inclusion. Every Child. 12(3) Watson ACT: ECA Department of Education (DoE), 2009. The way forward for special educational needs and inclusion. Department of Education Dukes, C. and Smith, M., 2007. Working with parents of children with special educational needs. London: SAGE publications. Griffin, S., 2008. Inclusion, equality and diversity in working with children, Professional Development. Oxford Heinemann, A. and Vickerman, P., 2009. Key issues in special educational needs and inclusion. London: Sage Hocutt, A.M., 1996.’Effectiveness of special education: is placement the critical factor?à ¢â‚¬â„¢ The Future of Children Special Education For Students With Disabilities, Vol.6 (1) Jones, C.A., 2004. Supporting inclusion in the early years. Supporting early learning. McGraw-Hill Mitchell, D. (ed) 2009, Contextualizing inclusive education. London: Routledge National Council for Special Education (NCSE), 2011. Children with special educational needs, National Council for Special Education Nutbrown, C. and Clough, P., 2010. Inclusion in the early years. London: Sage Owens, A., 2009. Including children with additional needs in child care. National Childcare Accreditation Council Inc. Porter, L., 2003. Young children’s behaviour. Practical approaches for caregivers and teachers. 2nd edition. London: Paul Chapman Publishing Robinson, K.H. and Jones-Diaz, C., 2005. Diversity and difference in early childhood education. Issues for Theory and Practice. Maidenhead: Open University Press Roffey, S., 2001. Special needs in the early years London. David Fulton Sammons, P., Tag gart, B., Smees, R., Sylva, K., Melhuish, E., Siraj-Blatchford and Elliot, K., 2003.The early years transition and special educational needs (EyTSEN) project. London: University of Oxford Silberfeld, C. et al., (eds), 2009, UEL early childhood studies reader. London: Sage publications Swartz, S.L., 2005. Working together: a collaborative model for the delivery of special services in general classrooms. Wall, K., 2011. Special needs and the early years. A practictioner guide. 3rd edition. London: Sage publications Wang, H.L., 2009. ‘Should all students with special educational needs (SEN) be included in mainstream education provision– a critical analysis’. International Education Studies, vol. 2(4) Weston, C (ed), 2010. UEL special needs and inclusive education reader. London. Sage publications Weston, C., 2003. ‘Educating all: inclusive classroom practice’. In: Alfrey, C., Understanding Children’s learning. London. David Fulton.